Is the plasma turret's firing arc always a full hemisphere?
I'm making an OXP, and there's a special version of one ship - the special version has 3 turrets. 2 of them seem to behave as expected (placed rear, facing aft), but the 3rd one (placed top, facing forwards and 30 degrees up) ignores the ship - it tracks targets and fires at them through the ship's hull too.
I think the firing arc is hardcoded, and is somewhere in the neighbourhood of 120 degrees. Make sure that your turret is positioned and--more important--orientated correctly in the direction you wish your turret to fire into.
For me your problem sounds as if you haven't orientated your turret, but are using a backwards firing turret. If you mount that on the front side of your ship, you will get a result like you have.
I did the research on this, but forgot to answer. Oops!
The field of fire of a turret is a cone whose aperture is just over 156.926 °, centred on its original facing. (The angle is irrational because the actual definition in code is that the cosine of the half-aperture is 0.2; cos⁻¹ 0.2 ≈ 78.463 ° ≈ 1.3694 rad.) Currently no attempt is made to avoid firing through the ship. This will not be fixed for MNSR since our only ray-object collision testing code is based on octrees, which are not sufficiently fine-grained for this type of test.
For modelling purposes, a cone whose height is one tenth of its diameter has a slightly larger aperture (157.398 °) and makes a good stand-in. (A larger aperture is desirable because cones in 3D modellers are generally polygonal approximations inscribed in the cone rather than fully filling it out.)