Wait! It's late at night here, and I'm probably not entirely clear anymore. Forget what I said about strange and unexpected behaviour. Having a shipdata.plist with same entry names means that your stations will
replace the original stations. If that's what you want, that's what you should do.
Having a shipdata-overrides.plist with same entry names means that your stations will
modify the original stations. That's probably not what you want.
Having said that, I am not clear what your problem is. Everything you're telling me is consistent.
(1) You created an icosahedron entry which replaced Oolite's own icosahedron, and you saw your ico in game.
(2) You created a dodec entry which replaced Oolite's own dodec, and you saw it in game.
(3) You created an octo entry, and you saw it in game. The octo is bound to low politics.
(4) You created an independent coriolis entry, which replaced neither Oolite's own coriolis, nor the Griff coriolis, therefore you saw all three types of coriolis in game. Your coriolis is bound to high politics, the other (at least) two coriolis types are not bound to any politics. Therefore you saw your own coriolis in high politics systems, and the original coriolis and the griff coriolis in any system.
This is what you have done, and what you described as what you saw. There is absolutely no bug, problem, mystery or inconsistency. The game is doing exactly what you're ordering it to do.
a) If you don't want to see the original coriolis (note: it isn't 'naked'; it looks differently because it has a different (much simpler) texture; that's what everything looks like without OXPs), you have to remove it from the game. One simple way of removing it is to overwrite its shipdata.plist entry, as you have done with the dodec and the ico.
b) If you don't want to see the griff coriolis which obviously serves as a template for your own stations, you have to remove it from the game as well. As long as you need it as a template, you cannot physically remove it by deleting its entry or removing the OXP. You could set its role-probability to 0, then it won't be chosen by the system populator again. Or you could raise the role-probabilities of your own stations, which makes the appearing of other stations at least much more unlikely and rare.
There are a couple of things you still have to learn, but you're on a good way. Keep it up!